Arthur Leonard Schawlow - Biography

Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist. He is best remembered for his work on lasers, for which he shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn.

Biography

His mother, Helen Mason, was from Canada and his father, Arthur Schawlow, was a Jewish immigrant from Latvia. When Arthur was three years old, they moved to Toronto, Canada.

At the age of 16 he completed high school at Vaughan Road Academy (then Vaughan Collegiate Institute) and received a scholarship in science at the University of Toronto. After earning his undergraduate degree Schawlow continued in graduate school at the University of Toronto which was interrupted due to World War II. At the end of the war he began work on his Ph.D at U of T with Professor Malcolm Crawford. He then took a postdoctoral position with Charles Townes at the physics department of Columbia University in the fall of 1949.

In 1951 he married Aurelia Townes, younger sister to Charles Townes, and together they had three children; Arthur Jr., Helen, and Edith. Arthur Jr. was autistic, with very little speech ability.

He considered himself to be an orthodox Protestant Christian and attended a Methodist church.

He went on to accept a position at Bell Labs in late 1951. He left in 1961 to join the faculty at Stanford University as a professor. He remained until he retired to emeritus status in 1996.

Schawlow and Professor Robert Hofstadter at Stanford, who also had an autistic child, teamed up to help each other find solutions to the condition. Arthur Jr. was put in a special center for autistic individuals, and later Schawlow put together an institution to care for people with autism in Paradise, California. It was later named the Arthur Schawlow Center in 1999, shortly before his death.

Schawlow was a promoter of the controversial method of facilitated communication with patients of autism.

Although his research focused on optics, in particular, lasers and their use in spectroscopy, he also pursued investigations in the areas of superconductivity and nuclear resonance. Schawlow shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy.

Schawlow coauthored Microwave Spectroscopy (1955) with Charles Townes. Also with Townes, they prepared a much disputed, by Gordon Gould, laser patent filed by Bell Labs in 1958.

In 1991 the NEC Corporation and the American Physical Society established a prize: the Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science. The prize is awarded annually to "candidates who have made outstanding contributions to basic research using lasers."

Schawlow was born in Mount Vernon, New York and died of leukemia in Palo Alto, California.

Awards

• 1962 - Stuart Ballantine Medal
• 1963 - Young Medal and Prize, for distinguished research in the field of optics presented by the Institute of physics
• 1976 - awarded the Frederic Ives Medal by OSA
• 1981 - Nobel Prize for Physics

Science and Religion

He has participated in science and religion discussions. Regarding God, he stated "I find a need for God in the universe and in my own life."

Arthur Schawlow was an intense fan and collector of traditional American jazz recordings, as well as a supporter of instrumental groups performing this type of music.

Bibliography

See also

• Optical Society of America#Past Presidents of the OSA

External links

• National Academy of Sciences biography
• Nobel Winner: Arthur Leonard Schawlow
• Bright Idea: The First Lasers (laser history)
• Press Release: The 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics
• Arthur Leonard Schawlow obituary